Ubuntu中配置VSCode的C/C++环境

1. 安装gcc、gdb

打开终端依次输入以下指令

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install build-essential
$ sudo apt install gdb

# 输入以下内容检查是否安装成功
$ gcc -v
$ g++ -v
$ gdb -v

2. 安装VSCode插件

只需要安装最基本的C/C++与Code Runner即可

3. 创建文件夹并编写Hello World

在用户主目录(~)创建一个VSCode专用的文件夹vscode，用vscode打开并在其中创建一个c++文件夹用来存放C/C++代码

创建hello.cpp，点击右上角Run Code运行，可以看到控制台输出Hello World

4. 调试程序

在vscode文件夹中的.vscode文件夹中创建两个文件launch.json,tasks.json，并写入以下内容

launch.json

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "C/C++",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "preLaunchTask": "compile",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [{
            "label": "compile",
            "command": "g++",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": {
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation": [
                    "relative",
                    "${workspaceRoot}"
                ],
                "pattern": {
                    "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
                    "file": 1,
                    "line": 2,
                    "column": 3,
                    "severity": 4,
                    "message": 5
                }
            },
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

进入VSCode左侧的调试，打好断点后，点击运行和调试即可正常调试了